氯化铵

Ammonium chloride finds its use as a flux in preparing metals for galvanizing, soldering or tin coating. While mainly referred as a nitrogen source fertilizer, it is also used in cleaning tip of soldering iron, hair shampoo as a thickening agent, some batteries as electrolyte, tanning, textile printing, dyeing, and cleaning products. In laboratories it is used to produce cooling baths and for producing buffers. Along with certain metals, it is used for effecting certain reductions in organic synthesis. It can be used as a precursor to ammonium cyanate, which is employed in the Wöhler synthesis of urea. It facilitates several organic transformations in a mild and efficient manner - for example in Ulmann coupling, cross-aldol condensation, Claisen rearrangement, reduction, thia-Michael addition and synthesis of several monocyclic, fused or spiro bicyclic nitrogen heterocycles.

On heating it decomposes to ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas.

MFCD00011420

235-186-4

NH₄Cl

53.49

340° subl.

1.53

1.642

Hygroscopic. Ambient temperatures.

Powder

Highly soluble in water. Soluble in liquid ammonia, acetone, hydrazine, alcohol. Insoluble in diethyl ether and ethyl acetate.

14,509

22-36
Harmful if swallowed.Irritating to eyes.

22
Do not breathe dust.

BP4550000

 

是

 

H302-H319
Harmful if swallowed.Causes serious eye irritation.

P280i-P264-P305+P351+P338-P301+P312a-P337+P313-P501a
Wear eye/face protection.Wash thoroughly after handling.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.